Water Softening
Overview of Water SofteningWater softening is a process that removes calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions from water, which are the main contributors to water hardness. These ions can form scale when heated or react with soap, leading to blockage ...
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Pharmaceutical Buffers
Overview of Pharmaceutical BuffersPharmaceutical buffers are substances that maintain the pH stability of a solution, playing a crucial role in the formulation of various drug products such as injectable solutions, oral liquids, and eye drops. The pr ...
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